Ethos, Logos, dan Pathos dalam Teori Retorika Aristoteles (2024)

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KOMPAS.com -Ethos, logos, dan pathos merupakan tiga unsur terpenting dalam melakukan retorika. Ethos merupakan kredibilitas atau etika. Logos adalah logika atau fakta. sem*ntara pathos berkaitan dengan emosi atau perasaan.

Intinya, teori retorika Aristoteles berfokus pada pemikiran mengenai retorika yang disebutnya sebagai alat persuasi yang tersedia. Artinya pembicara yang hendak membujuk khalayaknya harus memperhatikan tiga unsur penting, yakni ethos, logos, dan pathos.

Ethos

Menurut Richard West dan Lynn H. Turner dalam buku Introducing Communication Theory: Analysis and Application (2008), ethos mengacu pada karakter, inteligensi, serta niat baik yang dipersepsikan dari seorang pembicara ketika berpidato.

Sederhananya, ethos merupakan kredibilitas yang dimiliki pembicara. Menurut Aristoteles, penyampaian pidato oleh orang yang tepercaya akan lebih persuasif dibanding pidato seseorang yang kejujurannya dipertanyakan.

Dikutip dari buku Teori Public Relations Perspektif Barat dan Lokal: Aplikasi Penelitian dan Praktik (2014) oleh Rachmat Kriyantono, kredibilitas sumber (pembicara) mencakup dua hal, yakni:

  1. Apakah komunikator bisa dipercaya untuk menyampaikan pernyataan sesuai realitas, atau apakah yang disampaikannya juga dilakukan (trustworthy).
  2. Apakah komunikator dianggap memiliki kemampuan atau ahli di bidang yang dibicarakannya (expertise).

Baca juga: Teori Retorika Aristoteles: Pengertian dan Asumsi Retorika

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Ethos, Logos, dan Pathos dalam Teori Retorika Aristoteles (4)

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Logos

Dilansir dari jurnal Analisis Elemen Desain Grafis dari Visual Konten Instagram Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran Ditinjau dari Teori Retorika (2021) oleh Irene Hasian dan Irsya Putri, logos harus didasarkan pada argumen dan bukti rasional, sesuai wacana yang akan disampaikan dalam sebuah pesan.

Logos adalah kumpulan bukti logis yang digunakan pembicara. Bagi Aristoteles, logos mencakup penerapan beberapa praktik, termasuk penggunaan klaim logis serta bahasa yang jelas.

Pathos

Aristoteles berargumen bahwa para pendengar menjadi alat pembuktian saat emosinya digugah. Para pendengar punya cara penilaian berbeda, ketika dipengaruhi rasa bahagia, sakit, benci, atau takut.

Pathos berkaitan dengan emosi yang dimunculkan dari para pendengar. Pathos memunculkan bukti emosional yang mampu menggugah naluri serta batin pendengar, sehingga mereka mampu merasakan apa yang dibicarakan sumber (pembicara).

Kesimpulannya, ethos, logos, dan pathosberarti pembicara tidak hanya harus kredibel, namun juga perlu mengungkapkan berbagai fakta logis dengan didukung penyampaian pesan yang mampu merangsang emosi pendengarnya.

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  • ilmu komunikasi
  • materi ilmu komunikasi
  • ethos
  • logos
  • pathos
  • ethos, logos, dan pathos dalam teori retorika Aristoteles
Lihat Skola Selengkapnya
  • Teori Retorika Aristoteles: Pengertian dan Asumsi Retorika
  • Komunikasi Publik: Pengertian dan Cirinya
  • Tujuan dan Peran Komunikasi Publik
  • Apa itu Teori Komunikasi Dua Tahap?
  • Teori Agenda Setting dalam Komunikasi Massa
  • Teori Spiral Keheningan: Asumsi dan Penjelasannya

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let date = arrayUrl[readPath + 3]; let id = arrayUrl[readPath + 4]; let guid = `.xml.${year}.${month}.${date}.${id}`; return guid; } function toggleDropdown() { let tdd = document.querySelectorAll('[data-dropdown]') if (!!tdd) { tdd.forEach((el) => { el.addEventListener('click', function() { el.parentElement.classList.toggle('-active') let saved = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-saved') let kmps_usrid = getCookie('kmps_usrid'); if (kmps_usrid && !saved && el.parentElement.classList.contains('-active')) { let url = el.parentElement.getAttribute('data-url'); let guid = get_guid(url); check_bookmark( kmps_usrid, guid ).then(function(resp) { if (resp.hasOwnProperty('total_data')) { if (resp.total_data > 0) { el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').classList.add('-active'); el.parentElement.querySelector('.buttonBookmark').innerHTML = 'Hapus dari tersimpan'; el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'true'); } else { el.parentElement.setAttribute('data-saved', 'false'); } } }) } }) document.addEventListener("click", function(e) { // console.log(e.target) if (el.contains(e.target)) { // console.log(tdd) } else { el.parentElement.classList.remove('-active') } }); 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