- What Is It?
- What is visual snow syndrome?
- How rare is visual snow disorder?
- Symptoms
- How does visual snow syndrome feel like?
- Causes
- What causes visual snow syndrome?
- Does visual snow syndrome cause brain fog?
- Risk Factors
- What factors worsen visual snow syndrome?
- Mental Illness
- Is visual snow syndrome a mental illness?
- Is visual snow syndrome common in people with schizophrenia?
- Is visual snow syndrome linked to anxiety?
- Is visual snow syndrome linked to depression?
- ADHD
- Is visual snow syndrome common in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
- Diagnosis
- How is visual snow syndrome diagnosed?
- Treatment
- How is visual snow syndrome treated?
- Living with It
- Can you drive with visual snow syndrome?
- Curable
- Can visual snow syndrome go away?
- Comments
- **COMMENTSTAGLIST**
- More
- **OTHERTAGLIST**
The exact cause of visual snow syndrome is not known, but it is believed to be related to abnormal activity in the visual system of the brain.
The exact cause of visual snow is not fully understood yet, but it is thought to be related to abnormal activity in the visual cortex of the brain. Visual snow is a visual disturbance characterized by the perception of small flickering dots in the visual field. The dots may appear in both eyes and can be accompanied by other visual disturbances, such as afterimages, trailing, and palinopsia.
Visual snow is often considered a symptom of persistent migraine aura without infarction. However, it can also be caused by other conditions, such as medication side effects, hallucinogen persistent perception disorder, and persistent visual disturbance due to other ocular or neurological conditions.
Visual snow is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying condition. Consultation with a neurologist or an ophthalmologist is recommended for proper diagnosis.
What is visual snow syndrome?
Visual snow syndrome, also known as a persistent visual disturbance, is a neurological condition characterized by the presence of a constant visual disturbance, such as visual "snow," "static," or "TV-like" noise in the visual field. This disturbance may be present in both eyes and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as floaters, light sensitivity, afterimages, and visual hallucinations.
The exact cause of visual snow syndrome is not known, but it is believed to be related to abnormal activity in the visual system of the brain. Some researchers suggest that the condition may be caused by a dysfunction of the cells in the retina or the visual cortex.
There is no single treatment for visual snow syndrome, and managing the condition typically involves addressing the individual symptoms through a combination of medications, therapy, and lifestyle changes.
How rare is visual snow disorder?
Visual snow disorder is considered a rare condition. The exact prevalence of the disorder is not well-known, but estimates suggest that it affects about 0.1 to 1 percent of the general population. However, it is more common among people with other conditions such as migraines, tinnitus, and other neurological conditions.
How does visual snow syndrome feel like?
Visual snow syndrome is characterized by the perception of continuous visual "snow" or "static" in the visual field. Moreover, people with this condition may experience other visual disturbances, such as floaters, halos, and blurred vision. The condition can be distressing and affect daily activities and quality of life. Some people may also experience headaches, light sensitivity, and sleeping difficulty.
The following are some of the common signs and symptoms of visual snow syndrome:
- Visual snow: This is the most characteristic symptom of the condition, and it is described as a persistent visual disturbance that appears as tiny flickering dots or static in the visual field. It can be present in both eyes and can be seen in all lighting conditions.
- Photophobia: Many individuals with visual snow syndrome experience increased sensitivity to light, which can cause discomfort and make it difficult to see in bright light.
- Visual hallucinations: Some individuals may experience visual hallucinations, such as the presence of moving geometric shapes or patterns in the visual field.
- Visual afterimages: Afterimages may persist longer than usual and appear in different colors.
- Visual distortion: Some individuals may experience visual distortions such as a "swimming" effect or a "wavy" appearance in their vision.
- Nyctalopia: Some individuals may have difficulty seeing in low-light conditions.
- Headaches: Some individuals may experience headaches because of visual snow syndrome, which can be caused by persistent visual disturbance.
Symptoms of visual snow syndrome can vary widely from person to person. Some individuals may experience only a few of these symptoms, whereas others may experience a combination of symptoms.
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What causes visual snow syndrome?
The exact cause of visual snow is not fully understood yet, but it is thought to be related to abnormal activity in the visual cortex of the brain.
Potential contributing factors to visual snow syndrome include:
- Migraine: Visual snow can be a symptom of migraine with aura, a type of migraine preceded or accompanied by visual disturbances.
- Neurological causes: Some researchers suggest that visual snow syndrome may be caused by abnormal activity in the visual processing areas of the brain. This theory is supported by the fact that the condition often co-occurs with other neurological conditions, such as migraines and tinnitus.
- Ocular causes: Some researchers propose that visual snow syndrome may be caused by problems with the eyes or the visual pathways in the brain, such as a disorder of the retina or the optic nerve.
- Hallucinogenic drug use: Certain hallucinogenic drugs, such as lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD can cause visual snow as a long-term effect.
- Trauma or injury to the brain: Trauma or injury to the brain, such as a concussion, can cause visual snow because of damage to the visual processing center of the brain.
- Genetic predisposition: Visual snow syndrome may be inherited, with specific genetic mutations increasing the risk of developing the condition.
- Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of visual snow is unknown and is referred to as idiopathic.
The causes mentioned above are currently known as potential causes. More research is required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms of visual snow syndrome and to develop effective treatment options.
What factors worsen visual snow syndrome?
Certain factors that can worsen the symptoms of visual snow syndrome include stress, lack of sleep, and certain medications. Additionally, using drugs such as marijuana or psychedelics may exacerbate the symptoms of visual snow syndrome.
The following are the risk factors for visual snow syndrome:
- Migraines: Visual snow syndrome is more common in people who have a history of migraines. This may be due to a link between the visual disturbances of visual snow syndrome and the visual aura that can occur with migraines.
- Tinnitus: Visual snow syndrome is more common in people who have a history of tinnitus (ringing in the ears). This may be because both conditions involve abnormal activity in the auditory and visual systems of the brain.
- Other visual disturbances: People with other visual disturbances, such as floaters or light flashes, may be at a higher risk of developing visual snow syndrome.
- Psychiatric disorders: People with psychiatric disorders such as depression or anxiety may be at a higher risk of developing visual snow syndrome.
- Substance use: The use of certain substances, such as psychedelic drugs or alcohol, has been linked to the development of visual snow syndrome.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, may increase the risk of developing visual snow syndrome.
- Chronic stress and anxiety: People who have chronic stress or anxiety tend to be more prone to developing visual snow syndrome.
- Other neurological disorders: People with other neurological disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may be at an increased risk of developing visual snow syndrome.
- Environmental factors: People who are exposed to high levels of environmental toxins and pollutants may have a higher risk of developing visual snow syndrome.
Some people may develop visual snow without any known risk factors. Additionally, the above risk factors may not be exclusive and a combination of them may cause visual snow.
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Is visual snow syndrome a mental illness?
Although visual snow syndrome is not currently classified as a mental illness, it is considered a disorder of the visual system and may be related to changes in the brain. Symptoms can be debilitating and can affect a person's quality of life.
Is visual snow syndrome common in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Visual snow syndrome is a visual disturbance that persists in the visual field. It is relatively rare, and the exact causes are not fully understood. However, it has been reported that some people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may experience visual snow symptoms.
The relationship between visual snow and ADHD is not well-established, and more research is needed to understand the connection.
Is visual snow syndrome common in people with schizophrenia?
Some evidence suggests that visual snow syndrome may be related to specific neurological conditions, including migraines and epilepsy. However, there is currently no strong evidence linking visual snow syndrome to schizophrenia, a mental illness characterized by disturbances in thought, emotion, and behavior.
Some people with schizophrenia may experience visual hallucinations, but these are typically distinct from the symptoms of visual snow syndrome.
Is visual snow syndrome linked to anxiety?
It has been reported that individuals with visual snow syndrome may experience symptoms of anxiety. Still, research is limited and the exact relationship between the two is poorly understood.
Some studies report that anxiety may be a comorbid condition in individuals with visual snow syndrome, whereas others indicate that visual snow syndrome may be a symptom of an underlying anxiety disorder.
Is visual snow syndrome linked to depression?
Researchers suggest a link between visual snow syndrome and depression. Studies have found that individuals with visual snow syndrome often report high levels of anxiety and depression and that symptoms of visual snow may exacerbate existing mental health conditions, such as depression. However, more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between visual snow syndrome and depression.
How is visual snow syndrome diagnosed?
The diagnosis of visual snow syndrome is usually made based on the person’s reported symptoms and a thorough examination of their visual system by an ophthalmologist or neurologist.
Ways to diagnose visual snow syndrome include:
- Patient history and physical examination: The first step in diagnosing visual snow syndrome is to take a detailed history of the person, including questions about the onset and duration of the symptoms, any associated symptoms, medical conditions, and any medications the person is currently taking. The doctor also performs a physical examination, including a thorough examination of the person’s eyes and visual system.
- Visual acuity testing: The person’s visual acuity is tested using a standard eye chart. This test measures the person's ability to see fine details at different distances.
- Visual field testing: The person’s visual field is tested using a special machine called a perimeter. This test measures the person's ability to see different parts of their visual field.
- Ophthalmoscopy: The doctor uses a special instrument called an ophthalmoscope to examine the inside of the individual's eye, including the retina, the optic nerve, and the blood vessels.
- Electroretinography: This test measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to light. It helps identify if there is any dysfunction in the retina.
- MRI: An MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the brain and other structures in the body. It is useful in identifying any structural abnormalities in the brain that may be causing visual snow syndrome.
- Genetic testing: Some forms of visual snow syndrome are inherited and genetic testing may be performed to identify if the individual has any genetic mutations that are known to be associated with the condition.
No specific test or imaging study can confirm the diagnosis of visual snow syndrome. The diagnosis is usually made based on a combination of the person's symptoms and the results of the various tests and examinations.
How is visual snow syndrome treated?
There are currently no FDA-approved treatments for visual snow syndrome, but several options have been used to manage the symptoms of the condition, such as:
Medications: Certain medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms associated with visual snow syndromes, such as migraines or anxiety. Some of these medications include:
- Anti-migraine medications: These medications, such as sumatriptan and topiramate, can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines, which may help alleviate visual snow symptoms.
- Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of anxiety or depression, which can be associated with visual snow syndrome.
- Beta-blockers: These medications, such as propranolol, can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines and lower blood pressure and heart rate.
- Clonazepam: A type of benzodiazepine, which can help reduce anxiety and muscle tension.
- Gabapentin: An anticonvulsant medication that has been used off-label to treat migraines and other neurological conditions.
Some medications may be prescribed to help reduce the overall visual noise level and improve the person's ability to cope with the condition.
Low-vision aids: Low-vision aids, such as magnifying glasses or telescopes, can help reduce visual noise and make it easier for people to see objects in their environment. Several low-vision aids that can be used to treat visual snow syndrome include the following:
- Magnifiers: These are devices that use lenses to enlarge objects and text, making them easier to see for people with visual impairments. They can be handheld or mounted on a stand and come in various magnifications.
- Closed-circuit television (CCTV): A device that uses a camera and a monitor to magnify text and images. CCTVs can be helpful for people with visual snow syndrome who have difficulty reading small print or seeing fine details.
- High-contrast filters: These are devices that are placed over the eyes or mounted on glasses to increase the contrast between light and dark areas. This can make it easier for people with visual snow syndrome to see details in low-light conditions.
- Tinted glasses: Can help reduce the glare and flicker associated with visual snow syndrome. Different tint colors can be used to reduce different types of glare, such as blue for computer screens or yellow for streetlights.
- Adaptive technology: Adaptive technology, such as software or apps, can be used to enhance the visibility of text and images on a computer or mobile device. Some examples include magnification software, text-to-speech software, and color-inversion software.
Not all low-vision aids will work for everyone with visual snow syndrome, and it's important to work with an eye-care professional to determine which aid will be most effective for your specific condition.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): A form of psychotherapy that aims to change negative patterns of thinking and behavior. CBT can help people learn coping mechanisms and strategies to deal with the symptoms of visual snow syndrome. Moreover, it can help reduce the overall impact of the condition on the individual’s quality of life.
The following is a list of how CBT is typically used to treat visual snow syndrome:
- Identifying and challenging negative thoughts: One of the first steps in CBT is to identify negative thoughts contributing to the symptoms of visual snow syndrome. CBT helps affected individuals challenge negative thoughts and replace them with more positive and realistic ones.
- Relaxation techniques: CBT can help teach relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness meditation, to help reduce anxiety and tension.
- Behavioral techniques: CBT may involve teaching behavior techniques to help manage symptoms of visual snow syndrome. For example, a person may learn to avoid certain triggers such as bright lights or patterns that worsen their symptoms.
- Mindfulness: CBT may teach mindfulness techniques to help people with visual snow to focus on the present and not dwell on the past or the future. This can help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression associated with visual snow.
- Establishing a routine: People with visual snow may have trouble maintaining a routine due to the unpredictability of their symptoms. CBT can help establish a standard routine to help manage symptoms of visual snow and improve the overall quality of life.
Nutritional supplements: There is currently limited research on the use of nutritional supplements for managing visual snow syndrome. However, some supplements that have been suggested to be helpful include:
- Magnesium: An essential mineral that plays a role in many bodily functions, including the regulation of neurotransmitters in the brain. Low magnesium levels have been associated with visual disturbances, including visual snow.
- Vitamin B12: This is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system. A deficiency of vitamin B12 can lead to visual disturbances, including visual snow.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Are important for the health of the eyes and brain. They have been shown to reduce inflammation and improve blood flow to the eyes, which may be beneficial for people with visual snow.
- Melatonin: A hormone that plays a role in regulating sleep and wake cycles. Melatonin has been shown to improve visual symptoms in some people with visual snow.
- Ginkgo biloba: A herb that has been used for centuries to improve circulation and reduce inflammation. It has been suggested that Ginkgo biloba may help manage visual snow, but more research is needed to confirm this.
It should be noted that these supplements have not been proven effective in treating visual snow syndrome. Before taking any nutritional supplements, it's always best to consult a healthcare professional to ensure it's safe and appropriate for you.
Lifestyle changes: Changing certain lifestyle habits can help manage the symptoms of visual snow syndrome. These include the following:
- Getting enough sleep: Visual snow syndrome can be exacerbated by fatigue, so it is important to get adequate sleep each night. Aim for seven to nine hours of sleep per night, and establish a regular sleep schedule.
- Reducing stress: Stress can worsen symptoms of visual snow syndrome, so it is important to find ways to manage stress. This can include exercise, meditation, yoga, or talking to a therapist.
- Avoiding triggers: Some people may find that certain activities or substances trigger their visual snow symptoms. Avoiding these triggers can help reduce symptoms. Common triggers include alcohol, caffeine, and certain medications.
- Eating a healthy diet: Eating a diet that includes fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains and low in processed foods can help improve overall health and may reduce symptoms of visual snow syndrome.
- Getting regular exercise: Regular exercise can help reduce stress and improve overall health, which may help reduce symptoms of visual snow syndrome. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
- Support groups: Joining a support group for people with visual snow syndrome can be helpful for some individuals as it can provide a sense of community and support.
These lifestyle changes may help reduce stress and the overall level of visual noise.
The treatment plan for visual snow should be tailored to the individual and their specific needs and symptoms. The effectiveness of these treatments can vary widely from person to person, and what works for one person may not work for another. Additionally, it is important to consult with a qualified medical professional before starting any new treatment to ensure that it is safe and appropriate for you.
Does visual snow syndrome cause brain fog?
Although brain fog is not a specific symptom of visual snow syndrome, some individuals with the condition may experience cognitive or mental symptoms, such as difficulty concentrating or memory problems, which can be similar to brain fog. However, not all people with visual snow syndrome experience brain fog.
Can you drive with visual snow syndrome?
The severity of symptoms can vary from person to person, and in some cases, it may be possible for a person with visual snow syndrome to drive. However, driving with visual snow syndrome can be dangerous, and it is recommended that individuals with this condition consult with their doctor and an eye specialist before attempting to drive.
Can visual snow syndrome go away?
The cause of visual snow is not well understood; there is no specific treatment that has been proven to be effective in all cases. Some people may find that their symptoms improve over time, whereas others may continue to experience persistent visual disturbances.
Visual snow syndrome is a chronic condition that is not currently curable, and it is unlikely that it will go away on its own. Some people may experience fluctuations in the severity of their symptoms, but the condition itself is not typically considered self-resolving.
Medically Reviewed on 1/25/2023
References
Visual Snowhttps://eyewiki.aao.org/Visual_Snow#:
Visual Snow Syndromehttps://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/visual-snow-syndrome/
https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/12062/visual-snow-syndrome
Visual snow syndrome: A clinical and phenotypical description of 1,100 caseshttps://n.neurology.org/content/94/6/e564
Visual Snow Initiative: COLLABORATE, EDUCATE, AND CUREhttps://www.visualsnowinitiative.org/
Visual snow syndrome: a review on diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatmenthttps://journals.lww.com/coneurology/Abstract/2020/02000/Visual_snow_syndrome__a_review_on_diagnosis,.13.aspx
Visual snow syndrome, the spectrum of perceptual disorders, and migraine as a common risk factor: A narrative reviewhttps://headachejournal.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/head.14213
